Braysher, E C; Brown, A S; Brown, R J C; Molden, N (2024) Traceable determination of metal composition of tyres using tandem ICP-MS and benchmarking of emissions inventories. Environmental Science: Processes & Impact, 26 (2). pp. 298-304.

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Abstract

Non-exhaust emissions are becoming of increasing significance with respect to total particulate matter (PM) concentrations in ambient air. Of particular interest is the metal content of this PM since metallic compounds are well known to have toxic effects on human health and the environment. In this study, for the first time tandem inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS) was used to develop a cost-effective, simple but robust validated method for analysis of the metals in tyres involving minimal offline sample preparation. This method was applied to five different tyre makes and brands, all available for sale in the UK, and the uncertainty of this measurement was estimated. Zn was found to be the largest metal component in all tyres with a mass fraction of approximately 10 mg g-1. The mean mass fractions of metals in the tyres decreased in the order of Zn > Al > Fe > Mg > Ti > Pb > Cu > Ba >Ni. Significant differences in composition were found between the five tyres. The relative expanded uncertainties of the metals measurements ranged from 4-21 %, with elements of higher mass fraction resulting in lower uncertainties. These results were used to estimate ‘bottom-up’ annual tyre wear emission rates, compared against the ‘top-down’ emissions declared by the UK; it was calculated that between 14 and 25 tonnes of Zn entered the atmosphere in PM10 in 2020. These findings will contribute to assessing current and future air quality challenges and will help to inform regulation surrounding non-exhaust emissions.

Item Type:	Article
Subjects:	Environmental Measurement > Air Quality and Airborne Particulates
Divisions:	Atmospheric Environmental Sciences
Identification number/DOI:	10.1039/d3em00344b
Last Modified:	28 Jun 2024 13:14
URI:	https://eprintspublications.npl.co.uk/id/eprint/9976