Tang, Y; Wang, Z; Fan, W; Chen, X; Loh, T H; Luo, Z; Gao, S (2025) A Novel Near-field Calibration Method for Linear Array Based on Plane Wave Expansion. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 72 (11). pp. 8173-8183.

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Abstract

This paper presents a novel near-field calibration method for linear phased array based on plane wave expansion. The proposed method enables the calibration of an antenna under test (AUT) with a compact measurement distance and a probe scanning aperture as small as 1/10 of the AUT aperture. The calibration measurement can be implemented by moving a probe antenna in a sparse grid along a line segment parallel to the AUT and collecting the AUT array element response. In the proposed method, an ideal virtual linear phased array is employed to model the AUT, where the virtual AUT possesses the same configuration as the AUT and consists of array elements with consistent radiation characteristics. The virtual AUT is determined by minimizing the difference between the response of the virtual and actual AUT, where the virtual AUT response can be constructed based on plane wave expansion. The least square (LS) method is applied to minimize the difference, while an optimization algorithm is employed to solve the radiation characteristics and the initial excitations of the virtual AUT. In the validation measurement, a non-uniform linear array (NULA) is calibrated in the near field using the proposed method with a probe scanning aperture only 1/10 of the AUT aperture and a measurement distance of 0.5 m. Based on the obtained results, a ±0.41 dB in amplitude and ±4.7o in phase calibration accuracy is achieved respectively, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Item Type:	Article
Subjects:	Electromagnetics > Wireless Communications
Divisions:	Electromagnetic & Electrochemical Technologies
Identification number/DOI:	10.1109/TAP.2024.3439730
Last Modified:	24 Sep 2025 14:09
URI:	https://eprintspublications.npl.co.uk/id/eprint/10227