Shin, S-H; Stanley, M; Skinner, J; de Graaf, S E; Ridler, N M (2024) Broadband Coaxial S-parameter Measurements for Cryogenic Quantum Technologies. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 72 (4). pp. 2193-2201. (Submitted)

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Abstract

Development of RF and microwave metrology capabilities at cryogenic temperatures is critical for the development of high-performance microwave devices to facilitate commercialization of cryogenic quantum technologies. This paper presents a broadband microwave S-parameter calibration scheme suitable for cryogenic environments operating at temperatures down to tens of milli-kelvin (mK). The technique is based on a weighted multi-line Thru-Reflect-Line (TRL) calibration approach and is demonstrated using coaxial air line calibration standards. One- and two-port microwave devices commonly used in cryogenic quantum computing applications, a cryogenic 50 Ω matched load and a cryogenic 6 dB attenuator, were measured. The measured results at mK temperatures indicate that when combined with calibration standards of appropriate electrical length, the weighted multi-line TRL calibration scheme allows broadband frequency coverage compared to conventional TRL calibration schemes utilizing a single Line standard. The mechanical and electrical properties of the Line standards at mK temperatures were investigated and discussed. These findings establish the feasibility of utilizing multiple off-the-shelf coaxial air lines to enhance the frequency range of calibrations at mK temperatures.

Item Type:	Article
Subjects:	Electromagnetics > RF and Microwave
Divisions:	Electromagnetic & Electrochemical Technologies
Identification number/DOI:	10.1109/TMTT.2023.3322909
Last Modified:	05 Sep 2024 13:40
URI:	https://eprintspublications.npl.co.uk/id/eprint/9924