Stewart, M; Battrick, W; Cain, M G (2001) Measuring piezoelectric d33 coefficents using the direct method. Measurement Good Practice Guide. 44

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Abstract

Although piezoelectric materials are often used as actuators in order to make small precise movements, it can be difficult to measure these displacements in an industrial environment. Consequently simpler methods have been sought to measure the piezoelectric activity, such as resonance methods, and measurements of the piezoelectric coefficient d33 using the direct method (often called the Berlincourt method).
This good practice guide will examine the advantages and disadvantages of the method in detail and with some experimental validation using typical PZT ceramics examine the validity of using the data from this method to predict the displacement of materials in real conditions.

Item Type:	Report/Guide (Measurement Good Practice Guide)
Notes:	NPL made every effort to ensure all information contained in this Good Practice Guide was correct at time of publication. NPL is not responsible for any errors, omissions or obsolescence, and does not accept any liability arising from the use of these Good Practice Guides.
Subjects:	Advanced Materials Advanced Materials > Functional Materials
Last Modified:	23 Feb 2026 10:29
URI:	https://eprintspublications.npl.co.uk/id/eprint/2768