Alkaraki, S; Khan, Z U; Jilani, S F; Sarker, A A; Kelly, J R; Alomainy, A (2025) Low–Cost 3D–Printed Standard Gain Horn Antennas for Millimetre–Wave Applications. Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing, 9 (7). 222 ISSN 2504-4494

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Abstract

This paper presents additively manufactured (3D printed) several standard gain horn antennas which have been designed to ensure simple and low–cost fabrication. In order to validate the proposed manufacturing approach, we have designed a number of antennas covering the entire frequency range from 26 GHz to 110 GHz. The proposed antennas have been prototyped and measured. They were found to yield very good performance when compared to commercially available standard gain horn antennas. Unlike metallic standard gain horns antennas, whose manufacturing cost increases as the frequency goes high due to fabrication challenges, the cost of fabricating 3D–printed antennas goes actually down as the frequency increases (up to 110 GHz). The measured performances, in terms of return loss, radiation patterns and gain, of these fabricated 3D printed antennas agree remarkably well with the measured results for commercially available standard gain horns antennas.

Item Type:	Article
Keywords:	conductive metallic paint; low–cost antennas; millimetere–wave; 3D–printing
Subjects:	Electromagnetics > RF and Microwave
Divisions:	Electromagnetic & Electrochemical Technologies
Identification number/DOI:	10.3390/jmmp9070222
Last Modified:	29 Jul 2026 10:19
URI:	https://eprintspublications.npl.co.uk/id/eprint/10492