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Abstract

This article presents basic principles of hydrophone measurements, including mechanisms of action for various hydrophone designs, sensitivity and directivity calibration procedures, practical considerations for performing measurements, signal processing methods to correct for frequency-dependent sensitivity and spatial averaging across the hydrophone sensitive element, uncertainty in hydrophone measurements, special considerations for high-intensity therapeutic ultrasound, and advice for choosing an appropriate hydrophone for a particular measurement task. Recommendations are made for information to be included in hydrophone measurement reporting.

Item Type:	Article
Keywords:	Acoustic output, exposimtery, hydrophone, pressure measurement.
Subjects:	Acoustics > Ultrasound
Divisions:	Medical, Marine & Nuclear
Identification number/DOI:	10.1109/TUFFC.2022.3213185
Last Modified:	03 Jul 2023 14:39
URI:	https://eprintspublications.npl.co.uk/id/eprint/9771