Al Mallak, K A; Hilton, G; Loh, T H; Beach, M (2022) Influence of Antenna Beamwidth on the Observed Characteristics of an Outdoor Vehicular Channel. In: 4th International Conference on Communication Engineering and Computer Science (CIC-COCOS'2022), 30-31 March 2022, Cihan University, Erbil, Iraq.

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Abstract

Autonomous vehicles will require vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications, which require very reliable, high-speed and low latency communications. Fifth-generation (5G) and beyond wireless networks become a solid base to build such infrastructure, using millimetre wave (mmWave) frequencies and beamforming techniques. The novelty of this paper is to investigate the influence of Doppler shift, Doppler spread and signal attenuation on a V2I communication channel employing a 26GHz phased array antenna from Anokiwave. This antenna facet acts as a spatial filter, eliminating unwanted multipath components (MPCs) and allowing the main beam to be electronically steered. The results show line-of-sight (LoS) communications between a base station (BS) and User Equipment (UE) for up to 150 m distance for a transmitted power of 22 dBm. A stable channel gain was observed during the measurements and related to the actual direction of the main beam. Further, the results indicated an attenuation between 78.2 dB and 78.8 dB when a vehicle obscures the LoS connection between the transmitter and the receiver. However, the appearance probability shows less attenuation experienced by the received signal when the phased array antenna employed a uniform beamwidth. Moreover, indirect communication, such as the non-line-of-sight scenario NLoS, is observed due to the reflections and scattering. Further, by driving the test vehicle in a car park with almost full of parked cars and at a speed of 5 mph, a very small Doppler shift was observed because of the suppression through spatial filtering from the array of the rich scattering and reflections within the environment.

Item Type:	Conference or Workshop Item (Paper)
Keywords:	millimetre wave, antennas arrays, Beamforming, Doppler Shift/Spectrum, attenuation
Subjects:	Electromagnetics > Wireless Communications
Divisions:	Electromagnetic & Electrochemical Technologies
Identification number/DOI:	10.24086/cocos2022/paper.500
Last Modified:	27 Feb 2023 09:12
URI:	https://eprintspublications.npl.co.uk/id/eprint/9673