Baumann, K; Lourenco, A; Wulff, J; Vilches-Freixas, G; Palmans, H (2025) Investigating the impact of the effective point of measurement for plane-parallel ionization chambers in clinical proton beams. Physics in Medicine & Biology, 70 (1). 015014 ISSN 0031-9155

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Abstract

Objective. To investigate the impact of the positioning of plane-parallel ionization chambers in proton beams on the calculation of the chamber-specific factor f Q and, hence, the beam quality correction factor k Q , Q 0 . Approach. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to calculate the chamber-specific factor f Q in monoenergetic proton beams for six different plane-parallel ionization chambers while positioning the chambers with a) their reference point and b) their effective point of measurement accounting for the water equivalent thickness of the entrance window. Main results. For all ionization chamber models investigated in this study, the difference in f Q between both positioning approaches was larger for steeper dose gradients and bigger differences between the geometrical thickness and water-equivalent thickness of the entrance window. The largest effect was 1.2% for the IBA PPC-05 ionization chamber at an energy of 60 MeV. Significance. The positioning of plane-parallel ionization chambers in proton beams has a systematic impact on the f Q factor. This is especially of relevance for the k Q , Q 0 factors presented in the recently updated TRS-398 code of practice (CoP) from IAEA. The background is that a positioning with the effective point of measurement is prescribed in TRS-398 CoP, however, all Monte Carlo derived data that have been employed for the update are based on a positioning of the ionization chambers with their reference point. Hence, the updated k Q , Q 0 factors for plane-parallel ionization chambers in proton beams are subject to systematic errors that can be as large as 0.5%.

Item Type:	Article
Keywords:	proton reference dosimetry, proton therapy, effective point of measurement, response functions, Monte Carlo, GEANT4
Subjects:	Ionising Radiation > Dosimetry
Divisions:	Medical, Marine & Nuclear
Identification number/DOI:	10.1088/1361-6560/ad9e7c
Last Modified:	11 May 2026 09:01
URI:	https://eprintspublications.npl.co.uk/id/eprint/10381