Aziafor, J D; Ramatsoma, B; Hassan, N O; Koko, A; Bodunrin, M; Klenam, D (2026) Magnesium-based hydrides and high-entropy alloys: A review of advancements and pathways for next-generation hydrogen storage materials. Review of Materials Research, 2 (6). 100230 ISSN 30509130

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Abstract

The increase in global emissions, primarily from the burning of fossil fuels, has created an urgent need for green energy solutions. Hydrogen holds significant promise as a clean energy alternative, due to its potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Hydrogen produces only water and heat as a byproduct when used as fuel, eliminating the emission of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases that result from burning fossil fuels. However, hydrogen storage faces a major hurdle, impeding its widespread use. This is because traditional high-pressure gas or cryogenic liquid storage methods are inefficient, bulky, and pose safety risks. Moreover, liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs) are limited by their potential toxicity and the difficulties associated with recycling. Carbon-based materials, such as nanotubes, have yet to achieve a consistent or sufficient hydrogen storage capacity for practical use. Solid-state hydrogen storage using metal hydrides offers a safer and more compact alternative by chemically bonding hydrogen within the solid material. This allows for higher storage density at lower pressures and moderate temperatures. However, challenges with solid-state storage persist due to difficulty in achieving onboard storage capacity and the inability to meet the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) target. Magnesium-based hydrides have shown great promise in solid-state hydrogen storage. The strategic importance of MgH2 is further emphasized by its role in the broader hydrogen economy, which is projected to account for 2-15% of global energy consumption by 2050. This review encompasses an overview of the fundamental properties of Mg-based hydrides and their binary and ternary derivatives, including high-entropy alloys. The various processing techniques of these alloys have been explored. This paper also comprehensively discusses multiple methods to improve the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of Mg-based hydrides. Additionally, the review discusses emerging computational tools, including machine learning, density functional theory (DFT), and CALPHAD-aided approaches, for designing robust alloys for hydrogen storage applications. Furthermore, it highlights future directions towards the development of solid-state hydrogen storage and the global transition to clean energy.

Item Type:	Article
Subjects:	Advanced Materials > Metals and Alloys
Divisions:	Materials and Mechanical Metrology
Identification number/DOI:	10.1016/j.revmat.2026.100230
Last Modified:	20 Oct 2026 13:32
URI:	https://eprintspublications.npl.co.uk/id/eprint/10573